Does Being Out of Shape Carry the Same Death Risk as Smoking?

A Cleveland Clinic study of more than 122,000 adults found below-average fitness raised mortality risk as much as smoking.

Does Being Out of Shape Carry the Same Death Risk as Smoking?

A Cleveland Clinic study of more than 122,000 adults found below-average fitness raised mortality risk as much as smoking.

Welcome to the positive corner of the internet. We’re here to make your life healthier, happier, and less stressful. At the bottom of each email, we explain our editorial process, stance on AI, and partnership standards.

If you were forwarded this message, you can get the free daily email here.

Today’s Health Upgrade

  • Number you won’t forget

  • Small goals, big outcomes

  • An easy deficiency to fix

  • Weekly wisdom

Longevity
Number You Won’t Forget: 1.41 

The Number Your Fitness Level Shares With Smoking

How does your fitness stack up for your age? While there are many calculators and quizzes, most of you have probably never checked.

Doctors at Cleveland Clinic did just that by putting more than 122,000 adults through a treadmill test, then tracking who was still alive about 8 years later. One number stood out: 1.41.

Those with below-average fitness for their age had a real gap in survival: Line up two similar people — same age, same weight, same health conditions — and the less-fit one was about 41% more likely to die during those years

That's what 1.41 means. It represents a 41% higher risk of death. And here's the context that matters: In that same study, smoking also had a score of 1.41 too.

We know smoking is bad for you. But based on this study, being out of shape for your age carries about the same health risk.

The cool part of the study was that it appears the fitter you become, the more you reduce your risk of death. Even the leap from fit to extremely fit paid off. 

Here's what below-average fitness looks like in real life: feeling winded after two flights of stairs, out of breath within a minute of a brisk pace, or struggling to finish a 30-minute resistance training program with short rest. 

Even if you’re unhappy with your current state, there’s no need to stress. Fitness isn't fixed like your age or your genes. It responds to how much you move, and you can make improvements into your 90s. So no matter where you are now, start moving today and improving. 

Health
The Habits That Serve Your Goals Are Almost Always the Small Ones

Most people picture healthy aging as a big project. But the research suggests a simpler approach works better.

The things that actually shape how you age are small, often boring, and repeated a few thousand times. And most of us badly underestimate them.

About 15 years ago, researchers ran one of the first real studies of how habits form in daily life. People each picked one new daily behavior. A glass of water at breakfast. A piece of fruit at lunch. A short walk. Then they tracked every day for twelve weeks to determine how automatic it felt.

For the people whose habits actually took hold, the median was 66 days to feel automatic, though the range ranged from 18 days to a projected 254 days. The simplest behaviors locked in fastest: a glass of water became second nature in under three weeks. The most complex ones were still being worked on when the study ended, and the model projected it could take the better part of a year.

But there were two other findings from that study that got ignored, and both matter.

Missing one day didn't set people back. A single skip barely moved the needle, and people recovered fast. And the biggest gains came early; the largest jumps in automaticity showed up in the first repetitions, then tapered as the behavior settled in. 

So when it comes to habits, consistency beats intensity, and forgiveness beats perfectionism.

There's a second reason we get this wrong, and it's built into how our brains handle math. Behavioral economists have a name for it: exponential-growth bias

When something compounds, we reliably lowball where it ends up. It's the same mental glitch that makes people underestimate compound interest. We feel the size of one day and can't feel the size of a thousand.

No single habit is magic. A capsule won't overrule a bad diet, and one salad won't undo a decade of bad eating. But the small, repeatable thing you actually keep doing matters, and can lead to other good behaviors. It's just what the data on real behavior keeps showing.

Which is the whole case for picking habits small enough to survive a bad week.

So no matter the goal, start with something you can do even when you're not at your best.

It might be a walk for exercise, a salad for nutrition, a text you send to a friend when you're feeling lonely.

Find the thing you're deficient in, focus on a small behavior, and make it happen.

Together With Magtein 
One Easy Deficiency To Start With

If you want a small habit that helps you achieve many common health goals, here's one worth a look.

About half of US adults don't get enough magnesium, and it’s connected to many of the things people want to fix: sleep, mood, attention, and focus. It's also one of the easiest gaps to close. 

The catch is the form. Most magnesium supplements struggle to reach the brain or are rough on the stomach. And that’s part of what makes Magtein® different. Magtein® is a form of magnesium (L-threonate) developed by a former MIT neuroscientist to cross that barrier. 

In a randomized, placebo-controlled trial, adults who took it improved both their objective and subjective sleep scores in as little as three weeks. A separate trial published in 2026 found sharper reaction time and less daytime impairment from poor sleep when taking Magtein®. 

It's also gentle on the stomach, which matters more than it sounds. 

Our preferred option is Momentous Magnesium L-Threonate, built on real Magtein®, taken in the evening. 

Magnesium is a small habit. But it’s also the kind you’ll stick with in any situation, which is why it works. 

Mindset 
Weekly Wisdom

"Everything I've ever let go of has claw marks on it."

David Foster Wallace

Someone tells you you've changed. And instead of taking it, you challenge it.

It’s a common paradox. You spend weeks putting in effort and earn that compliment, and the second it lands, you start arguing with it.

You want to be the person who changed. And yet, some older part of you would rather be right about who you've always been than wrong about what you can become. 

Wallace's quote speaks to the struggle of change. Setting down an old version of yourself doesn’t happen easily, even when that version was not good for you. 

Wanting a change and believing it about yourself are two different jobs. You can do the first for months and still fail the second. 

Psychologists have examined this phenomenon. In one study, researchers asked two questions: 1) How much have you changed in the last ten years? And 2) How much will you change in the next ten? 

At every age, people gave the same answer: I've changed a lot already. And, I'm basically finished now. They called it the “end of history” illusion. We can all see how different we used to be. We just can't believe we're still moving and there’s still so much change to come. 

That's what the old story costs you. Say "this is just who I am" and you're treating today's version of you as the final one. The finished portrait. 

But you're a draft, same as you've always been. And that’s a good thing. The person you were ten years ago would argue with half of what you believe now. You changed anyway. You'll change again. 

Turn Wisdom Into Action

This week, pay attention to the subtle ways this shows up in your life. When someone credits you with a change, how do you react? If your instinct is to wave it off, don’t. Agree with it out loud. "Yeah. I've been working on it." 

That's the whole exercise. It'll feel like bragging, but it’s not.

You're letting the new version stand in the room without apologizing for it, which hands your new identity the evidence it needs. Do that repeatedly, and your self-perception will change, and more motivation, momentum, and positive habits will follow.

And that’s it for this week. Thanks for being a part of the positive corner of the internet. And remember: don’t wait to make a change. Take action on any goal, don’t quit in the hard moments, and the results will come. Have a fantastic weekend!
-Arnold, Adam, and Daniel

Better Today

Take any of these tips from today’s email and put them into action:

1. Research Suggests Below-Average Fitness Is as Deadly as Smoking

Being below-average fit for your age is associated with about the same increase in death risk as smoking — a 41% higher risk. Getting fitter lowers that risk, and it works at any age.

2. Missing One Day Won't Break Your Habit

New daily habits took a median of about 66 days to become automatic — with a range of 18 to 254 days. Missing one day didn't set people back. A single skip barely moved the needle, and people recovered fast.

3. Half of Adults Are Low on Magnesium. Here's the Form Built for the Brain

In randomized, placebo-controlled trials, magnesium L-threonate improved subjective sleep, reaction time, and cognitive measures — though objective sleep-tracker data were less consistent. This is important because about half of U.S. adults are generally under-consuming magnesium.

4. Why You Think You're Done Changing (And Why You're Wrong)

People consistently underestimate how much they'll change in the future while accurately recalling how much they've changed — a bias psychologists named the "end-of-history illusion.”

The Positive Corner of The Internet
About Arnold’s Pump Club Editorial Standards

We do things a bit differently here, starting with transparency.

  1. The Content: All APC emails are researched, written, and fact-checked by the APC editors (see bottom of the email), with written contributions from Arnold (noted with “Arnold’s Corner”). Links take you to original studies (not second-hand sources).

  2. Does AI play a role? Not for the primary content, but it is used in two ways. The main items are original content written by the APC team. The summaries at the end are AI-generated based on the human-written content above. We also use an AI tool to review our interpretations of the research and ensure scientific accuracy. We don’t assume AI is right, but we use technology to hold ourselves accountable.

  3. Yes, we have partners (all clearly noted by “Together With”). Why? Because it allows us to keep the APC emails free. We first test products, and then reach out to potential partners who offer ways to help you improve every day. The bar is set high, and to date, we have turned down millions in ad deals. (Example: we will not partner with any non-certified supplements or those without evidence in human trials). If we won’t buy the product, we won’t recommend it to you. And if there’s no evidence it works, then there’s no place for it here.

Publisher: Arnold Schwarzenegger

Editors-in-chief: Adam Bornstein and Daniel Ketchell


Get Arnold's Official Merch